Calculators and Comparators marius-ciclistu |
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Calculators and ComparatorsBike: Moto: Auto: Universal: GEAR RATIO - it is the ratio between the driver shaft angular speed and the driven shaft angular speed from the gearbox. In other words the ratio between the number of teeth of the driven sprocket that is on the driven shaft in the gearbox and the number of teeth of the driver sprocket that is on the in shaft coupled to the engine with the clutch. Example: 3.17:1 which means 3.17 rotations of the motor shaft at 1 rotation of the driven shaft. In this case we input 3.17 in the calculator. You can find these ratios here. FINAL DRIVE RATIO - has the same definition with the gear ratio with the specification that the drive it refers to is between the driven shaft and the shaft that transmits the movement to the wheels. Pmax/RPM - indicates the maximum energy rate (power) developed by the engine and the rotation speed at which it occurs. It's measured in KW or KJ/s. See the difference between HP & HF (Horse Force). Tmax/RPM - indicates the maximum torque developed by the engine and the rotation speed at which it occurs. It's measured in Nm. Wighted average power - is the division of total energy converted to force by the total time needed to accelerate on all the RPM range. It's measured in J/s. Wighted average torque - indicates the average torque developed by the engine on all its RPM range. It's measured in Nm and is the second clearest (after Equivalent constant engine torque) characteristic of an engine (if it is mentioned alone without other information/characteristics). Details... Equivalent constant engine torque - is the torque with which a car's engine with one gear ratio can accelerate over the same distance in the same time, providing a single value as a characteristic for that engine on all its rpm range. It's measured in Nm and is the clearest characteristic of an engine (if it is mentioned alone without other information/characteristics). Details... |
Car Transmission Calculator and Comparator |
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Tyre (tyres) Info Height (mm): Diameter (mm): Circumference (mm): Force coefficient: Speed coefficient: Speed (km/h):
OBSERVATIONS:
a. Changing the tyres/wheels dimensions influences only the real speed (Attention, not the one indicated by the gauge!) and the force applied at the circumference of the traction wheels: - by lowering the diameter, the force applied at the circumference of the traction wheels will rise and the real speed will drop, - by rising the diameter, the force applied at the circumference of the traction wheels will drop and the real speed will rise. - this force applied at the circumference of the traction wheels is influenced also by their mass => their inertia. b. The torque at the traction wheels changes only by changing gear, not by changing the diameter or mass of the wheels. c. The power at the traction wheels is equal with the power at the flywheel minus the losses through friction in the transmission (in general 15% for 2wd and 25% for 4wd that includes the losses generated by the mass /inertia of the wheels). So, the power at the traction wheels does not vary by their diameter (it varies by their mass/inertia). Therefore results that for the same power at the traction wheels there are multiple values for the force (that is influenced by the wheels' mass so we are discussing about equal masses and equal distribution of the mass for different diameters) applied at their circumference and so, a different behaviour of the car. Results1st gear: Speed at 4000 RPM (KM/H): Speed at 6191 RPM (KM/H): Torque at 4000 RPM at the traction wheels (Nm): Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 4000 RPM (m/s2): Force at 4000 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): Force at 6191 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): 2nd gear: The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 6191 RPM:
Force at 3330.8304093567 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N):
Speed at 4000 RPM (KM/H): Speed at 6191 RPM (KM/H): Torque at 4000 RPM at the traction wheels (Nm): Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 4000 RPM (m/s2): Force at 4000 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): Force at 6191 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): 3rd gear: The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 6191 RPM:
Force at 4340.4293478261 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N):
Speed at 4000 RPM (KM/H): Speed at 6051 RPM (KM/H): Torque at 4000 RPM at the traction wheels (Nm): Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 4000 RPM (m/s2): Force at 4000 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): Force at 6051 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): 4th gear: The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 6051 RPM:
Force at 4549.976744186 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N):
Speed at 4000 RPM (KM/H): Speed at 5871 RPM (KM/H): Torque at 4000 RPM at the traction wheels (Nm): Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 4000 RPM (m/s2): Force at 4000 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): Force at 5871 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): 5th gear: The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 5871 RPM:
Force at 4721.0103092784 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N):
Speed at 4000 RPM (KM/H): Speed at 6191 RPM (KM/H): Torque at 4000 RPM at the traction wheels (Nm): Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 4000 RPM (m/s2): Force at 4000 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N): Force at 6191 RPM applied at the traction wheels' circumference (N):
The transmission will generate the force applied to the circumference of the traction wheels 185/65 R14 ,
OBS. 1.The torque at the traction wheels doesn't change if the tyres are changed. By changing
Torque [Nm], rotational speed [RPM] and work rate [J/s] The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.
Graph 1The green area below the torque graph represents ROUGHLY the average power of the engine (53627.7864 J/s between 2022 and 6191 RPM). It can be used to ROUGHLY calculate the average torque of the engine (122.8371 Nm between 2022 and 6191 RPM). Because the speed of the RPM increase is variable, a more accurate measure is the ENGINE'S TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE TORQUE (121.9457 Nm between 2022 and 6191 RPM).The ENGINE'S DISTANCE WEIGHTED AVERAGE TORQUE (120.0639 Nm between 2022 and 6191 RPM) transforms the same energy into force over the same distance but the time differs.The EQUIVALENT CONSTANT ENGINE TORQUE that covers the same distance in the same time can be obtained WITHOUT air friction (Details...). The weighted average energy rate (power) of the engine ( between 2022 and 6191 RPM) can be calculated from the total energy converted to force divided by the total time needed to accelerate on all the RPM range of the torque graph.
Force [N], acceleration [m/s2] and speed [km/h] The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.
Graph 2^^ The above graph is useful only if rotational speed values and respectively torque values of the engine from the torque chart were inputted and it refers, especially, to 175 / 70 R 13 wheels, 185 / 65 R 14 wheels having displayed only the graph of total force at their circumference depending on the rotational speed of the engine, in 1st gear (for keeping the graph readable).
For maximum performance, the gold colored lines "Shift _-_" from the above graph must be ~HORIZONTAL ! Graph 3^^ The above graph is useful only if rotational speed values and respectively torque values of the engine from the torque chart were inputted and it refers only to 175 / 70 R 13 wheels.
For maximum performance, the gold colored lines "Shift _-_" from the above graph must NOT be visible ! Graph 3^^^ (air resistance included) This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted.
For example, the first two can be found here.
Acceleration time [s`] [s`] The shifting time is NOT included.
Graph 4^^The colored areas below each graph line represent the acceleration time. The time needed for shifting gears is considered to be 0. This graph displays the inverse of acceleration that is generated by the engine+transmission depending on the speed, without taking into consideration the transmission losses. Graph 4^^^ (air resistance included) This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted.
For example, the first two can be found here.
Distance [m] covered The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.
Graph 5^^The colored areas below each graph line represent the distance covered. The time needed for shifting gears is considered to be 0. This graph displays the speed depending on time, without taking into consideration the transmission losses. Graph 5^^^ (air resistance included) This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted.
For example, the first two can be found here.
Distance [m] covered depending on time [s] The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.
Graph 6^^The time needed for shifting gears is considered to be 0. This graph displays the distance covered depending on time, without taking into consideration the transmission losses. Graph 6^^^ (air resistance included) This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted.
For example, the first two can be found here.
Energy [J] transformed into force [N] depending on distance [m] The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.
Graph 7^^This graph displays the energy transformed in force depending on the distance covered, without taking into consideration the transmission losses. The energy transformed in force is calculated as the surface under the force's graph depending on distance covered. Because the torque graph contains only 15 points, errors occur when calculating the time, distance and energy. The total energy transformed in force between 15.59 and 209.28 km/h is equal with the difference between the kinetic energies for these two speeds: 1873.578 KJ. Graph 7^^^ (air resistance included) This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted.
For example, the first two can be found here.
Efficient approach when overtaking*IF the shifting RPMs are autocompleted for MAXIMIZING THE TRANSMISSION'S PERFORMANCES and the inputed torque graph is measured with the acceleration pedal PUSHED 100%!
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