Calculators and Comparators marius-ciclistu

Bike:

Bicycle Transmission

Moto:

Moto Tyre Dimensions


Moto Transmission

Auto:

Car Tyre Dimensions


Car Transmission


Car Tyre Friction Force


Car Cost / Kilometer

Universal:

Energy, Time and Power


Power, RPM and Torque


Torque, Force and Arm


Fluid Resistance



GEAR RATIO - it is the ratio between the driver shaft angular speed and the driven shaft angular speed from the gearbox. In other words the ratio between the number of teeth of the driven sprocket that is on the driven shaft in the gearbox and the number of teeth of the driver sprocket that is on the in shaft coupled to the engine with the clutch. Example: 3.17:1 which means 3.17 rotations of the motor shaft at 1 rotation of the driven shaft. In this case we input 3.17 in the calculator. You can find these ratios here.

FINAL DRIVE RATIO - has the same definition with the gear ratio with the specification that the drive it refers to is between the driven shaft and the shaft that transmits the movement to the wheel.

Pmax/RPM - indicates the maximum energy rate (power) developed by the engine and the rotation speed at which it occurs. It's measured in KW or KJ/s.
See the difference between HP & HF (Horse Force).

Tmax/RPM - indicates the maximum torque developed by the engine and the rotation speed at which it occurs. It's measured in Nm.

Wighted average power - is the division of total energy converted to force by the total time needed to accelerate on all the RPM range. It's measured in J/s.

Wighted average torque - indicates the average torque developed by the engine on all its RPM range. It's measured in Nm and is the second clearest (after Equivalent constant engine torque) characteristic of an engine (if it is mentioned alone without other information/characteristics). Details...

Equivalent constant engine torque - is the torque with which a car's engine with one gear ratio can accelerate over the same distance in the same time, providing a single value as a characteristic for that engine on all its rpm range. It's measured in Nm and is the clearest characteristic of an engine (if it is mentioned alone without other information/characteristics). Details...

Motorcycle Transmission Calculator and Comparator

Input a name for this calculation

Input your traction tyre size* (sizes).
Example 190/55 R17 (190/650 R17)

/  vs  /
R  vs  R

Input, in the indicated order, the gear ratios (as x.xxx) (1->5*).

1 2 3
4 5 6

Input the final drive ratio* (as x.xx).

Input Pmax/RPM*.

kW/ RPM

Input Tmax/RPM*.

Nm/ RPM

Input vehicle's total Mass*.

Kg

-- Optional data ( show / hide ) --


* required fields !



See the results


Torque [Nm], rotational speed [RPM] and work rate [J/s]


Force [N], acceleration [m/s2] and speed [km/h]


Acceleration time [s]


Distance [m] covered


Distance [m] covered depending on time [s]


Energy [J] transformed into force [N] depending on distance [m]


Efficient approach when overtaking


Dashboard and comparator

Tyre (tyres) Info
Width (mm):
  vs  

Height (mm):
  vs  

Diameter (mm):
  vs  

Circumference (mm):
  vs  

Force coefficient:
  <->  

Speed coefficient:
  <->  

Speed (km/h):
  <->  

OBSERVATIONS:
a. Changing the tyre/wheel dimensions influences only the real speed (Attention, not the one indicated by the gauge!) and the force applied at the circumference of the traction wheel:
- by lowering the diameter, the force applied at the circumference of the traction wheel will rise and the real speed will drop,
- by rising the diameter, the force applied at the circumference of the traction wheel will drop and the real speed will rise.
- this force applied at the circumference of the traction wheel is influenced also by it's mass => it's inertia.
b. The torque at the traction wheel changes only by changing gear, not by changing the diameter or mass of the wheel.
c. The power at the traction wheel is equal with the power at the flywheel minus the losses through friction in the transmission. So, the power at the traction wheel does not vary by it's diameter (it varies by it's mass/inertia). Therefore results that for the same power at the traction wheel there are multiple values for the force (that is influenced by the wheel's mass so we are discussing about equal masses and equal distribution of the mass for different diameters) applied at it's circumference and so, a different behaviour of the motorcycle.

Results


1st gear:

Speed at 8322 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Speed at 11896 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Torque at 8322 RPM at the traction wheel (Nm):
  vs  

Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 8322 RPM (m/s2):
  vs  

Force at 8322 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Force at 11896 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

2nd gear:

The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 11896 RPM:
  vs  

Force at 9094.5329400197 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Speed at 8322 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Speed at 11896 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Torque at 8322 RPM at the traction wheel (Nm):
  vs  

Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 8322 RPM (m/s2):
  vs  

Force at 8322 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Force at 11896 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

3rd gear:

The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 11896 RPM:
  vs  

Force at 9677.4533762058 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Speed at 8322 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Speed at 11796 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Torque at 8322 RPM at the traction wheel (Nm):
  vs  

Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 8322 RPM (m/s2):
  vs  

Force at 8322 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Force at 11796 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

4th gear:

The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 11796 RPM:
  vs  

Force at 10299.353359684 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Speed at 8322 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Speed at 11496 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Torque at 8322 RPM at the traction wheel (Nm):
  vs  

Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 8322 RPM (m/s2):
  vs  

Force at 8322 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Force at 11496 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

5th gear:

The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 11496 RPM:
  vs  

Force at 10423.942055229 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Speed at 8322 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Speed at 11396 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Torque at 8322 RPM at the traction wheel (Nm):
  vs  

Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 8322 RPM (m/s2):
  vs  

Force at 8322 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Force at 11396 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

6th gear:

The rotation speed at which the engine resumes the traction if the previous gear is changed at 11396 RPM:
  vs  

Force at 10571.027458812 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Speed at 8322 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Speed at 11220 RPM (KM/H):
  vs  

Torque at 8322 RPM at the traction wheel (Nm):
  vs  

Acceleration imposed to the vehicle at 8322 RPM (m/s2):
  vs  

Force at 8322 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

Force at 11896 RPM applied at the traction wheel's circumference (N):
  vs  

The transmission will generate the force applied to the circumference of the traction wheel / R ,
equivalent with the force generated on the circumference of the initial traction wheel 190/50 R17 by:

OBS. 1.The torque at the traction wheel doesn't change if the tyre is changed. By changing
the radius of the wheel, the only thing that changes is the force applied to the circumference of the wheel.
2.The above values don't take into account the tyre's pressure or wear, the air friction force
or other resistive forces that appear in real situations, this being theoretical values.
3.The calculated torque at the traction wheel takes no account of the transmission's losses.
4. All the calculations are taking into consideration the outside diameter of the traction tyre (when cornering, the contact patch is placed on a smaller outside diameter of the tyre).


Torque [Nm], rotational speed [RPM] and work rate [J/s]

The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.

The start speed for this actual estimation is 31 km/h and the top speed is ~ 286 km/h.


Graph 1

The green area below the torque graph represents ROUGHLY the average power of the engine (63790.2800 J/s between 2799.83 and 11896 RPM).
It can be used to ROUGHLY calculate the average torque of the engine (66.9681 Nm between 2799.83 and 11896 RPM).

Because the speed of the RPM increase is variable, a more accurate measure is the ENGINE'S TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE TORQUE (54.8161 Nm between 2799.83 and 11896 RPM).
The ENGINE'S DISTANCE WEIGHTED AVERAGE TORQUE (62.9000 Nm between 2799.83 and 11896 RPM) transforms the same energy into force over the same distance but the time differs.
The EQUIVALENT CONSTANT ENGINE TORQUE that covers the same distance in the same time can be obtained WITHOUT air friction (Details...).
The weighted average energy rate (power) of the engine ( between 2799.83 and 11896 RPM)
can be calculated from the total energy converted to force divided by the total time needed to accelerate on all the RPM range of the torque graph.


Force [N], acceleration [m/s2] and speed [km/h]

The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.

The start speed for this actual estimation is 31 km/h and the top speed is ~ 286 km/h.


Graph 2^^

The above graph is useful only if rotational speed values and respectively torque values of the engine from the torque chart were inputted and it refers, especially, to 190 / 50 R 17 wheel, / R wheel having displayed only the graph of total force at their circumference depending on the rotational speed of the engine, in 1st gear (for keeping the graph readable).

For a clearer view of the differences that appear when changing the wheel, print in pdf this report, then change the dimensions of the tyre in the fields from the beginning of the calculator and compare the graphs.

If the rotational speed values and respectively torque values are deduced by measuring the force at the traction wheel's circumference, in a certain gear, without adding the losses (or the power loss), the curve from the above graph that coresponds to the same gear in which the measurement was made has REAL ~ VALUES!

For maximum performance, the gold colored lines "Shift _-_" from the above graph must be ~HORIZONTAL !


Graph 3^^

The above graph is useful only if rotational speed values and respectively torque values of the engine from the torque chart were inputted and it refers only to 190 / 50 R 17 wheel.

For a clearer view of the differences that appear when changing the wheel, click on compare button, then change the dimensions of the tyre in the fields from the beginning of the calculator and compare the graphs.

This graph shows forces and accelerations generated by the engine+transmission unit at the traction wheel's circumference, without taking into account the transmission loses. If the rotational speed values and respectively torque values are deduced by measuring the force at the traction wheel's circumference, in a certain gear, without adding the losses (or the power loss), the curve from the above graph that coresponds to the same gear in which the measurement was made has ~ real values but
ATTENTION! These forces are NOT the RESULTANT FORCES that act upon the vehicle because the air friction force or other resistive forces are NOT included! The possible tyre skating is not taken into account!

For maximum performance, the gold colored lines "Shift _-_" from the above graph must NOT be visible !


Graph 3^^^ (air resistance included)

This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted. For example, the first two can be found here.

The air resistance alters the gears' graph lines in a nonlinear whay.
It can be observed especially when the torque:RPM pairs of data points are far apart from each other.
That is why, in those cases, the fill areas in higher gears are not matching 100% with the gears' graph lines.

Use the fluid resistance calculator to see the drag force graph.

The air velocity relative to the ground is considered 0.


Acceleration time [s`]

[s`] The shifting time is NOT included.

The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.

The start speed for this actual estimation is 31 km/h and the top speed is ~ 286 km/h.

In the actual calculation, if the total force in higher gears has negative value, then the total force used to estimate the acceleration time is 68.73 N.
That is why, in some cases, if the the gear's graph line has a small slope, the accelerating time in that gear appears to be big (incorrect).

When including the air's resistance, if the top speed would be the value at which the total force or acceleration is 0,
then the time needed for the motorcycle to reach that speed increases very much, to over tens of minutes, even hours.


Graph 4^^


The colored areas below each graph line represent the acceleration time. The time needed for shifting gears is considered to be 0.

This graph displays the inverse of acceleration that is generated by the engine+transmission depending on the speed, without taking into consideration the transmission losses.


Graph 4^^^ (air resistance included)

This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted. For example, the first two can be found here.

Use the fluid resistance calculator to see the drag force graph.

The air velocity relative to the ground is considered 0.


Distance [m] covered

The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.

The start speed for this actual estimation is 31 km/h and the top speed is ~ 286 km/h.


Graph 5^^


The colored areas below each graph line represent the distance covered. The time needed for shifting gears is considered to be 0.

This graph displays the speed depending on time, without taking into consideration the transmission losses.


Graph 5^^^ (air resistance included)

This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted. For example, the first two can be found here.

Use the fluid resistance calculator to see the drag force graph.

The air velocity relative to the ground is considered 0.


Distance [m] covered depending on time [s]

The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.

The start speed for this actual estimation is 31 km/h and the top speed is ~ 286 km/h.


Graph 6^^


The time needed for shifting gears is considered to be 0.

This graph displays the distance covered depending on time, without taking into consideration the transmission losses.


Graph 6^^^ (air resistance included)

This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted. For example, the first two can be found here.

Use the fluid resistance calculator to see the drag force graph.

The air velocity relative to the ground is considered 0.


Energy [J] transformed into force [N] depending on distance [m]

The air drag IS taken into consideration in the actual calculation.

The start speed for this actual estimation is 31 km/h and the top speed is ~ 286 km/h.


Graph 7^^


This graph displays the energy transformed in force depending on the distance covered, without taking into consideration the transmission losses.

The energy transformed in force is calculated as the surface under the force's graph depending on distance covered.
Because the torque graph contains only 15 points, errors occur when calculating the time, distance and energy.
The total energy transformed in force between 30.77 and 286.28 km/h is equal with the difference between the kinetic energies for these two speeds: 793.820 KJ.


Graph 7^^^ (air resistance included)

This graph appears only if values for air resistance calculation (drag coefficient, reference area and air's density) were inputted. For example, the first two can be found here.

Use the fluid resistance calculator to see the drag force graph.

The air velocity relative to the ground is considered 0.
In the case of air friction, the energy transformed into force is calculated as the area under the
force's graph (WITHOUT including air resistance) depending on distance covered (WITH air resistance included).
Because the torque graph contains only 15 points, errors occur when calculating the time, distance and energy.
The total energy transformed in force between 30.77 si 286.28 km/h is BIGGER than the difference between the kinetic energies for these two speeds: 793.820 KJ because of the energy absorbed by the air friction: KJ.


Efficient approach in drag race

*IF the shifting RPMs are autocompleted for MAXIMIZING THE TRANSMISSION'S PERFORMANCES and the inputted torque graph is measured with the throttle TURNED as close to 100% as the adherence and avoiding backflipping allows it!

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